Difference between revisions of "9-11/evidence/temperatures"
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m (moved 9-11/anomalies/collapse/temperatures to 9-11/evidence/temperatures: there may not be an "evidence" folder yet, but there should be) |
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==About== | ==About== | ||
| − | For now, this is a collection of notes about temperatures believed to have been achieved within the WTC fires, and temperatures at which various things happen to materials (especially structural steel) known to have been used in the WTC construction, for comparison purposes. | + | For now, this is a collection of notes about temperatures believed to have been achieved within the [[World Trade Center/NYC/v1|WTC]] fires, and temperatures at which various things happen to materials (especially structural steel) known to have been used in the WTC construction, for comparison purposes. |
| + | |||
| + | These figures are '''preliminary'''; sources need to be found, and these numbers need to be compared with figures found in other 9/11 literature (official and otherwise). | ||
==Definitions== | ==Definitions== | ||
[[Critical temperature]] is the temperature at which a structural element cannot safely support its load. (Presumably the size of "load" is based on a rating for that particular material.) This temperature is often defined as the temperature at which the element's [[yield stress]] has been reduced to 60% of the room temperature yield stress. | [[Critical temperature]] is the temperature at which a structural element cannot safely support its load. (Presumably the size of "load" is based on a rating for that particular material.) This temperature is often defined as the temperature at which the element's [[yield stress]] has been reduced to 60% of the room temperature yield stress. | ||
| Line 7: | Line 9: | ||
{| | {| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | ! °C || °F || description | + | ! °C || °F || description || source |
|- | |- | ||
| || 452 || hottest temperature achieved in samples metallurgically analyzed by NIST (the samples analyzed were those believed to have been closest to the hottest parts of the fire) | | || 452 || hottest temperature achieved in samples metallurgically analyzed by NIST (the samples analyzed were those believed to have been closest to the hottest parts of the fire) | ||
| + | | somewhere in [[9-11/official/reports/NIST|NIST]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | 400 || ''752'' || in Japan, the critical temperature is apparently considered to be below this | + | | 400 || ''752'' || in Japan, the critical temperature is apparently considered to be below this |
| + | | from {{wikipedia|Structural_steel#Fire_resistance}}, no source | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | ''538'' || 1000 || lower end of critical temperature in China, Europe and North America (e.g., ASTM E-119) | + | | ''538'' || 1000 || lower end of critical temperature in China, Europe and North America (e.g., ASTM E-119) |
| + | | {{wikipedia|Structural_steel#Fire_resistance}} citing offline source | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || 1200 || structural steel | + | | || 1200 || structural steel loses half its strength |
| + | | ? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || 1300 || upper end of critical temperature in China, Europe and North America (e.g., ASTM E-119) | + | | || 1300 || upper end of critical temperature in China, Europe and North America (e.g., ASTM E-119) |
| + | |{{wikipedia|Structural_steel#Fire_resistance}} citing offline source | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || 1700 || maximum temperature of open flame | | || 1700 || maximum temperature of open flame | ||
| + | | ? | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | || 1800 || hottest temperature claimed in NIST report (not supported by their own metallurgic analysis of actual samples) | + | | || 1800 || hottest temperature claimed in NIST report (not supported by their own metallurgic analysis of actual samples) |
| + | | somewhere in [[9-11/official/reports/NIST|NIST]] | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || 2000 || fire-rating of steel used in WTC construction, good for 6 hours | | || 2000 || fire-rating of steel used in WTC construction, good for 6 hours | ||
| − | + | | ? | |
|} | |} | ||
| + | ==Notes== | ||
| + | There may be some additional information in [[2001-12 Why Did the World Trade Center Collapse|Eagar 2001]]. | ||
Revision as of 19:40, 22 July 2011
About
For now, this is a collection of notes about temperatures believed to have been achieved within the WTC fires, and temperatures at which various things happen to materials (especially structural steel) known to have been used in the WTC construction, for comparison purposes.
These figures are preliminary; sources need to be found, and these numbers need to be compared with figures found in other 9/11 literature (official and otherwise).
Definitions
Critical temperature is the temperature at which a structural element cannot safely support its load. (Presumably the size of "load" is based on a rating for that particular material.) This temperature is often defined as the temperature at which the element's yield stress has been reduced to 60% of the room temperature yield stress.
Comparison Table
Numbers in italics have been converted from figures given in the other measure of temperature.
| °C | °F | description | source |
|---|---|---|---|
| 452 | hottest temperature achieved in samples metallurgically analyzed by NIST (the samples analyzed were those believed to have been closest to the hottest parts of the fire) | somewhere in NIST | |
| 400 | 752 | in Japan, the critical temperature is apparently considered to be below this | from Wikipedia, no source |
| 538 | 1000 | lower end of critical temperature in China, Europe and North America (e.g., ASTM E-119) | Wikipedia citing offline source |
| 1200 | structural steel loses half its strength | ? | |
| 1300 | upper end of critical temperature in China, Europe and North America (e.g., ASTM E-119) | Wikipedia citing offline source | |
| 1700 | maximum temperature of open flame | ? | |
| 1800 | hottest temperature claimed in NIST report (not supported by their own metallurgic analysis of actual samples) | somewhere in NIST | |
| 2000 | fire-rating of steel used in WTC construction, good for 6 hours | ? |
Notes
There may be some additional information in Eagar 2001.