Scientific knowledge contradicted by young Earth theories

Overview

There are a number of proponents of the idea that the Earth is considerably younger than the generally accepted scientific theories; these are generally referred to as young Earth theories. These theories, though differing in many specifics (where those specifics are given at all) generally contradict vast amounts of mutually-supportive scientific data while offering very little (if any) understanding in exchange. This page is for documenting the extent to which young Earth theories directly contradict centuries of documented scientific evidence and analysis, and attempt to decimate the vast body of scientific understanding about the prehistoric past by replacing its answers with vagueness and unanswered questions.

Areas Contradicted

A brief list, for expansion later:

• all of cosmology: the evolution of stars and galaxies simply does not happen on a timescale of less than millions of years, aside from cataclysmic events like novae; our understanding of even those events, however, requires inhumanly vast timescales for the processes preceding and following
• much of astronomy: our theories about the formation of various planetary bodies require rather more than 10,000 years in which to operate (by several orders of magnitude); the accuracy of these theories figure significantly in a number of ways related to the future of humanity
• biological reverse-engineering heavily relates to the evolutionary history of each species examined, which is completely incompatible with young Earth theory
• much of geology:
  • ice ages
  • plate tectonics
  • formation of geological structures
  • the Pleistocene era, from 1.806 million (±5,000) years to 11,550 years before present, during which the last major glaciations took place
  • the formation of Lake Agassiz circa 11,000 BC
  • the existence of Lake Bonneville from about 30,000 BC until about 15,000 BC
  • the existence of a substantial number of other prehistoric lakes
• underpinnings of anthropology, which make extensive use of what we have learned about specific prehistoric cultures, many of which existed before 10,000 BC, not to mention evolutionary theory
• the existence of the Natufian culture, circa 12,000–10,200 BC
• the Younger Dryas climate event, circa 10,000 BC
• The Bornean Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi) is believed to have differentiated from the mainland Clouded Leopard (Neofelis nebulosa) some 1.4 million years ago, when the land bridge from Borneo and Sumatra to mainland Asia became submerged. (Find details about land bridge: geological evidence that it existed, etc.)
• the Miocene epoch:
  • Chororapithecus abyssinicus, an ape that lived about 10–10.5 million years ago
• the Jurassic geological time period, ~200 Ma (million years ago) to ~145 Ma
  • Archaeopteryx, the earliest known bird, which lived 155-150 million years ago in what is now southern Germany
• 380 million year old fossilized trees found in New York

Implications

Implications of belief in young Earth theories (extrapolated from our understanding of the young Earth worldview):

• Spending resources on geology is overrated, as much of the point of studying geology depends on a false belief about the age of the earth; about the only use for geology is knowing the best places to look for oil deposits.
• Resources spent on astronomy are almost certainly wasted, beyond a sort of aesthetic appreciation of the celestial portion of God's Creation; much of the spending on astronomy is in pursuit of cosmological theories which (obviously) must be wrong as they require timespans in the billions of years, which is plainly impossible.