Difference between revisions of "Separation of church and state"

Revision as of 01:48, 5 October 2007

Overview

"The separation of church and state is a concept and philosophy in modern thought and practice, whereby the structures of state or national government are proposed as needing to be separate from those of religious institutions. The concept has long been a topic of political debate throughout history." -- [W]

United States

This separation has become of particular interest lately in the United States, in that there has been a strong cultural movement to "include [the Christian] God" in daily life, and to "put God back" into various arenas from which religion had generally been excluded. Supporters, especially on the religious right, claim that the US is a Christian nation, often backing up this claim with revisionist history and quotes from early US historical documents taken out of context.

Some resultant issues include prayer in public schools and the wording of The Pledge of Allegiance.

Points for Discussion

How is it bad if God is excluded? How is it bad if God is included? Does "including God" include all religions, or are some disqualified as being pagan, heathen, etc.?
Why should an atheist feel excluded, or even threatened, when God is mentioned? (see discussion page for more)

Links

Reference

Wikipedia: | separation of church and state | First Amendment to the United States Constitution |

Projects

Americans United for Separation of Church and State

Commentary

2007-10-02 Critical Mass: Bishops Advise Supreme Court On The Laws Of God by Rob Boston
2007-09-14 Russian Roulette: Orthodox Church Leaders Seek Influence Over Public Schools by Rob Boston: "One of the most foolish arguments the Religious Right uses against church-state separation is that the concept is communistic."
2006-11-12 Public school teacher tells class: "You belong in hell": an example of why separation is important
2005-12-?? why the mail is no longer delivered on Sunday by Susan Jacoby: some history on separation of church and state in the US
- highlights and commentary by Arthur Silber

Discussion

TruthMapping: Should there be a division between church and state?

@@ Line 2: / Line 2: @@
 [[Category:Concepts]]"The [[separation of church and state]] is a concept and philosophy in modern thought and practice, whereby the structures of state or national government are proposed as needing to be separate from those of religious institutions. The concept has long been a topic of political debate throughout history." -- {{wpref|separation of church and state}}
 ===United States===
-This separation has become of particular interest lately in the {{USA}}, in that there has been a strong cultural movement to "include [the [[Christian]]] [[God]]" in daily life, and to "put God back" into various arenas from which [[religion]] had generally been excluded.
+This separation has become of particular interest lately in the {{USA}}, in that there has been a strong cultural movement to "include [the [[Christian]]] [[God]]" in daily life, and to "put God back" into various arenas from which [[religion]] had generally been excluded. Supporters, especially on the [[religious right]], claim that the [[US is a Christian nation]], often backing up this claim with [[revisionist history]] and quotes from early US historical documents taken out of context.
-====The Constitution====
-In the {{USA}}, the [[separation of church and state]] is spelled out in the [[wikipedia:First Amendment to the United States Constitution|First Amendment to the United States Constitution]], which prohibits the Federal legislature from making laws that:
-* '''Establish a state religion or prefer certain religion''' (the "[[wikipedia:Establishment Clause of the First Amendment|Establishment Clause]]");
-* '''Prohibit free exercise of religion''' (the "[[wikipedia:Free Exercise Clause of the First Amendment|Free Exercise Clause]]");
-* '''Infringe the [[freedom of speech]]''';
-* Infringe the [[freedom of the press]];
-* Limit the right to assemble peaceably;
-* Limit the right to petition the government for a redress of grievances.
-There are some areas where such separation is apparently ignored by tradition:
-* By law, the country's currency now carries the motto "In God We Trust." ''(Need source: what law?)''
-* Congress begins its sessions with a prayer.
-* The words "under God" were, by law, added to the customary United States Pledge of Allegiance (on Flag Day in 1954).
-There is obviously a vague area where "free excercise of religion" and "freedom of speech" come into contact with preventing the state from establishing or sanctioning a religion: a state-salaried teacher or principal (for example) arguably represents the voice of the state, which must be restrained by the establishment clause, but the same person is also an individual and has the rights of free speech and free excercise.
-====Other Sources====
-The 1796 [[wikipedia:Treaty with Tripoli (1796)|Treaty with Tripoli]] includes the statement that "...the Government of the United States of America is not, in any sense, founded on the Christian religion". It is sometimes argued that this provision is confirmation that the government of the United States was specifically intended to be religiously neutral, or that the United States is not historically "[[Christian]]", although there is apparently [[US is a Christian nation|disagreement on this point]].
-====notes====
-Part of the problem with "including God" is that, while it includes the vast majority of religions present in the {{USA}}, which are mainly branches of Judeo-Christianity (or, more technically, [[wikipedia:Abrahamic religion|Abrahamic religion]]s), it ''does'' exclude some of them, and is therefore arguably "preferring a certain religion". It also specifically excludes atheists and agnostics, who are now much greater in number than they were at the time of the First Amendment and sometimes feel threatened or coerced by official sanction of ''any'' ideas whose sole justification is found within religious doctrine.
-Need to find some specifics about the battles over displaying the [[Ten Commandments]] in (or outside of) court.
+Some resultant issues include [[prayer in public schools]] and the wording of [[The Pledge of Allegiance]].
 ==Points for Discussion==
 * How is it bad if God is excluded? How is it bad if God is included? Does "including God" include all religions, or are some disqualified as being pagan, heathen, etc.?
 * Why should an atheist feel excluded, or even threatened, when God is mentioned? ''(see {{talkpage}} for more)''
-==Related Pages==
-* [[Prayer in public schools]] is an [[issue]] in the {{USA}} in part because it encroaches upon [[separation of church and state]].
-* The wording of [[The Pledge of Allegiance]] has become an issue in the {{USA}} partly for similar reasons.
 ==Links==
 ===Reference===
@@ Line 39: / Line 14: @@
 * [http://www.au.org/ Americans United for Separation of Church and State]
 ===Commentary===
-* '''2007-10-03''' [http://www.talk2action.org/story/2007/10/3/131520/811 Is America a Christian Nation?]: "According to John Fea, writing for the [http://hnn.us/articles/42835.html History News Network], both the left and the right often answer this question the wrong way."
 * '''2007-10-02''' [http://www.talk2action.org/story/2007/10/2/11595/7881 Critical Mass: Bishops Advise Supreme Court On The Laws Of God] by Rob Boston
 * '''2007-09-14''' [http://www.talk2action.org/story/2007/9/25/14631/2906 Russian Roulette: Orthodox Church Leaders Seek Influence Over Public Schools] by Rob Boston: "One of the most foolish arguments the Religious Right uses against church-state separation is that the concept is communistic."