Difference between revisions of "Issuepedia:Arguing"

Revision as of 22:45, 27 February 2015

About

Unlike other reference projects, Issuepedia welcomes personal opinion.

However:

Any opinion is an assertion of fact.
Any assertion may be challenged.
A challenged assertion that is not defended with a rational, evidence-based argument need not be taken seriously.

Also, attempts to undermine other debaters by use of logical fallacies and other rhetorical deceptions will be called out.

Rules

1. /assertions: An assertion that has not been challenged may be assumed to be true.

2. /challenges: When an assertion is challenged,

2a. if it remains undefended, it must be assumed to be false.

2b. responsibility for resolving a challenge rests with the person who made the assertion.

3. /clarity of arguments: Responsibility for making an argument clear lies on the arguer, not the respondent.

Guidelines

related guidelines from a different source

The following are informal guidelines for engaging in debate; see project:Structured Debate for a more formal set of rules.

I have cross-posted these guidelines to LessWrong wiki in hope of sparking further refinement. --Woozle 15:58, 10 September 2010 (UTC)

things to do

Statements higher on this hierarchy generally trump lower ones.

When arguing against another person's statements:

1. DO address the substance of the argument you are disputing.

2. DO be clear about what you're trying to say.

3. DO take a position before attacking the positions of others.

4. DO offer arguments:

for why the other debater's statements are unlikely to be true.
to support what you think is correct.

5. DO respond to every point you wish to oppose.

Failure to respond to a point does not make it untrue.
If a point remains unanswered, it is reasonable to consider it true.

6. DO draw attention to any unanswered points.

Others may assume or erroneously believe that unanswered points have actually been defeated.

7. DO be willing to reiterate your claims, when asked, even if just in summary.

While it may be clear to you where and how you made some particular point, but others may see your arguments as irrelevant (due to their own bias, your bias in making them, or some other reason).
See, for example, discussion between Woozle Hypertwin and lorenei on this thread.

8. DO consider that sometimes perfect evidence isn't available, and it may be necessary to accept lesser evidence.

things to avoid

It generally does not strengthen your position if you:

1. ...attack the other person's credibility (expertise, credentials, personal habits, age, affiliations, etc.).

2. ...attack things the other person didn't actually say.

3. ...attempt to emotionally manipulate the other person or the audience.

4. ...attempt to associate the other person's views with shameful actions they do not support.

5. ...use vague statements in place of a clear argument.

6. ...simply contradict the other person without any further substantiation.

7. ...cite a work of myth or scripture as an authority on non-doctrinal questions.

Do not assume that any authority or source will be accepted without question; the only valid argument from authority is one where all parties accept the authority as valid.

8. ...misrepresent other people's arguments.

9. ...attack positions taken by others without taking a clear position yourself.

No position is perfectly correct; the challenge is to find the position that is the least wrong

10. ...tell the other person to "go look it up yourself" when asked for evidence. If you do not provide a specific source, this is an indication that you do not actually have the evidence you claim to have.

source accuracy

When disputing the accuracy of a source, or of an argument based upon a fact stated in a source:

DON'T simply claim that the source is unreliable.
DON'T simply claim that the fact is wrong.
DO identify better sources.
DO offer correct information.

source dependency

When outside material contains extensive information relevant to your argument:

Spell out the point it makes – rather than expecting others to read it. (No required reading.)
- Otherwise you are counting on your opponent to not only understand it but agree with you as to its applicability to the discussion.
- If you can't defend your own point in your own words, then perhaps you don't understand what you're arguing -- or perhaps you don't understand what you're arguing against, and are hoping that something somewhere in the required reading will suffice as a rebuttal. (Sources are not arguments. Claiming that a source makes your point is not the same as making your point. No spaghetti-throwing.)
- Pasting quotes is acceptable, but summaries are better -- especially if written to be specific about the matter under discussion.
- If the source's argument is complicated, state the conclusion it draws and summarize the general nature of the arguments used. You need to give others at least enough of a basis upon which to frame further counters (or, hopefully, questions).

Links

2014-08-20 Etiquette for Science posts
2012-02-17 Figuring Out the Truth - Rules of Thumb to Live By

@@ Line 36: / Line 36: @@
 :* While it may be clear to you where and how you made some particular point, but others may see your arguments as irrelevant (due to their own bias, your bias in making them, or some other reason).
 :* See, for example, discussion between Woozle Hypertwin and lorenei on [https://plus.google.com/u/0/102282887764745350285/posts/21wL6MNoGCB this thread].
+:8. DO consider that sometimes perfect evidence isn't available, and [[Hierarchy of evidence|it may be necessary to accept lesser evidence]].
 ===things to avoid===